Although this book ends the description of events on 1993, it is useful to note, that as recently as march 2012 a naxalite commando from eastern maharashtra killed 15 policemen in an ambush and seized their weapons and this kind of incident is so realitvely common, that it didnt even make headlines in indian national newspapers. An overview maoist movement in india has a long history, dating back almost 40 years. More broadly, the termoften given as naxalism or the naxal movement has been applied to the communist insurgency itself the name naxalite is derived from the town of naxalbari naksalbari in far northern west bengal. The naxalite movement in india origin and failure of. It is basically a revolutionary movement of peasants and labourclass people. The exploitation of poor people, depressed classes and tribal people by superior classes has been the situation in india from the earlier periods till now. Avinash mokashi carried an intensive factfinding mission on one of the biggest reprisals against the ultraleft naxals in the gadchiroli district of maharashtra.
To understand the genesis of the naxal movement, one needs to locate it within the framework of the communist movement in india. How did the naxalite, maoist, movement start in india, and. The beginning of the year 2019 proved to be year of exodus from the naxal movement when in the month of january 2019 seven dreaded naxals on whom reward of more than rs. Know the original naxals leftwing activists arrested by the maharashtra police in a nationwide crackdown have been dubbed by many rightwing activists as urban naxals. All bodies of the killed naxals have been recovered. While india has accumulated a wealth of counterinsurgency coin experience that has varied in terms of.
It was born in 1969 as a leftwing revolutionary peasant uprising, backed by the communist party of india marxist and leninist cpiml group, in. When this exploitation reaches a saturation level, a revolution will automatically rise from the victims and sometimes it takes a form of a movement questioning the entire system itself. Undoubtedly the naxal movement is a dynamic phenomenon and the most important feature of the movement is that even after so many decades of its existence and even after so many changes in its organizational goals and strategies, there is still an element of continuity of the past. Naxalite movement in india research papers academia. It refers to the use of violence to destabilize the state through various communist guerrilla groups. These phenomena are very common in todays society, almost all over the world and in the developing countries in particular. Gadchiroli naxal attack burning issues pdf download. The eastern part of maharashtra which includes gadchiroli. The naxal insurgency in india originated in a 1967 uprising in west bengal by the communist party of india marxist. Although this book ends the description of events on 1993, it is useful to note, that as recently as march 2012 a naxalite commando from eastern maharashtra killed 15 policemen in an ambush and seized their weapons and this kind of incident is so realitvely common, that it didnt even make. Pdf far away from the glare of the achievements in the fields of information technology, a long.
Telangana, maharashtra, jharkhand, bihar, uttar pradesh, and west bengal. The naxalite movement in india started in 1967 from a small village and gradually spread over large areas of the country, particularly in the states of chhattisgarh, jharkhand, bihar, odisha, andhra pradesh, maharashtra and west bengal. However, orissa has a long history of communist movement, peasant. It was described by the upa government as the biggest threat to the internal security of the country. Buy the naxalite movement in india book online at low. On september 15, 2011, news media reported that the indian union home minister stated that leftwing extremism naxalism is the most violent movement in the country and that the. They lived happily for 50,000 years until 16 th century. By 1980, it was estimated that around 30 naxalite groups were active, with a combined membership of 30,000. The term naxal derives from the name of the village naxalbari in the state of west bengal, india, where the movement had its origin. The major naxal group in india has been cpi, mcc, cpi ml liberation, cpi ml unity.
During the 1970s, the movement was fragmented into. A wellattended cremation of a senior leader in the cpi maoist stronghold of bijapur in south bastar has led the chhattisgarh police and central agencies to suspect that the dead leader is none other than the mostwanted cpi maoist central committee member and secretary of dandkarenya special zonal committee, ravula srinivas. Naxalism as a protest movement began in west bengal during 1960s. Naxals, tribals in maharashtra turn to education for. The term naxal derives its name from the village naxalbari of district darjeeling in west bengal, where the movement originated in 1967 under the leadership of charu majumdar and kanu sanyal. Birth, demise, and reincarnation article pdf available in democracy and security 32. It is doubtful whether it could be considered even as the primary reason.
To be more specific, any study on the naxal movement cannot overlook the importance of the rise and fall of the telangana movement 194651, since telangana will always remain the glorious. In the predominantly tribal areas, naxals hold kangaroo courts. The genesis and current phase of naxal movement in orissa. Naxalism in india naxal movement in india started in marchmay 1967 from naxalbari village of siliguri subdivision of darjeeling district of west bengal, as a violent struggle of natives.
The insurgency started after the 2004 formation of the cpimaoists a rebel group consisting of the pwg peoples war group and the mcc maoist communist centre. Most of the modern maoist groups evolved from splinter groups of cpimarxist. Pdf naxalismmaoism, peoples government and health services. Annexurexiv list of naxalmilitancy affected districts. Naxalism an informal name given to radical, often violent, revolutionary communist groups that were born out of the sinosoviet split in indian communist movement. It could be one of the reasons, but not the only reason. In this area, natural resources are not only reason of promoting naxalite movement. The naxalite maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between maoist groups known as naxalites or naxals, and the indian government. These are also areas that suffer from the greatest illiteracy, poverty and overpopulation in modern india, and span parts of kerala, andhra pradesh, bihar, chhattisgarh, jharkhand, madhya pradesh. Lack of proper education facilities in this tribaldominated district in vidarbha region led many youths to join the naxal movement. Mao zedong provided ideological leadership for the naxalbari movement, advocating that. The red corridor is the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of india that experience considerable naxalite maoist insurgency. Naxalite, general designation given to several maoistoriented and militant insurgent and separatist groups that have operated intermittently in india since the mid1960s. Archived from the original pdf on 27 november 2011.
Pdf the naxalites and the maoist movement in india. The class struggle of communist movement ended up being caste struggle which initially started as a struggle between landlords and peasants. Statewise extent of naxal violence during 2008 to 2012. In fact, while conducting an enquiry into the uprising, the west bengal state secretariat of the cpim stated, behind the peasant unrest in naxalbari lies a deep social malady malafide transfers, evictions and other antipeople actions of tea.
On april 22, 1980, the communist party of india marxistleninist peoples war, commonly called as peoples war group pwg founded by kondapalli seetharamaiah. For long orissas tryst with the naxal movement was reduced as a spill over effect from the neighbouring andhra pradesh. After a long factional history of the naxalite movement due to differences both in approach and ideology. Maoist movement in india has a long history, dating back almost 40 years. The naxalite movement came into being as a result of prevailing social and economic issues. History of naxalism by july 1948, 2,500 villages in the south were organised into communes as part of a peasant movement which came to be known as telangana struggle. A study of the naxal movement in india, says the movement went down the violence path because political violence is rooted in deepseated frustration of the masses because of perceived injustice and so walk towards violence in hopes of changing the status quo. Tm visit of the fact finding team of the indian human. Maharashtra 68 22 154 93 94 45 109 54 4 41 odisha 103 101 266 67 218 79 192 53 171 45 u. Naxals have called for a bandh in gadchiroli district of maharashtra on may 19 to protest the killings of two fellow women in an encounter last month, police said. The naxalite movement in india owes its origins to a small village in west bengal called naxalbari and thus, the movement acquired its name.
For the first time in postindependence india the movement asserted the demands of the poor and landless peasantry in a way that shook the then atrophied indian political. Maharashtra, jharkhand, bihar, and west bengal, and a marginal presence in assam. A naxal or naxalite is a member of any political organisation that claims the legacy of the. A good book for anyone who wants to know about the history of the naxalite movement in india. The communist party of india maoist is the largest existing political group in that lineage today in india the term naxal derives from the name of the village naxalbari in west bengal, where the.
The maoist movement highlights indias interior weaknesses. The genesis and current phase of naxal movement in orissa contrary to popular belief naxal movement in orissa, is not a recent, phenomenon. P 4 0 8 2 6 1 1 0 1 0 west bengal 35 26 255 158 350 256 92 45 6 0 other states 14 4 5 0 4 0 6 1 8 0 total 1591 721 2258 908 2212 1003 1760 611 1412 414 table. The terms naxalites, naxalism and naxalite movement, euphemisms for the marxist. List of naxalmilitancy affected districts name of naxal militancy affected states name of naxalmilitancy affected districts in the states code andhra pradesh anantapur, east godavari. Surrendered naxals and many tribals who dropped out of schools here in maharashtra are now realising the importance of education in life and resuming their studies to build a better future. It is to the point in its writing with dates, events that led to gradual ascent of the naxalite movement. Adivasis are original inhabitants of the area between narmada and godavari. Anti naxalite encounter operation i ndian human rights council headed by mr. Indias naxalite insurgency institute for national strategic studies.
This movement primarily survives on poverty, disparity and discontent among the masses. The naxalite movement in india international journal of law. Naxal violence has resulted in the death of over 10,000 civilians and displaced 12 million people since 1980s with a significant rise in the number of killings in naxalismhit states. View naxalite movement in india research papers on academia. The term naxalites comes from naxalbari, a small village. During the 1970s, the movement was fragmented into disputing factions. Indias approach to counterinsurgency and the naxalite. In a broad sense, naxalite movement is a social movement in india in the postindependence years. A committee comprising most of the local persons having the feel of the hostile terrain and the terrorfilled. The most naxal affected areas jharkhand, bihar, chhattisgarh, madhya pradesh, and andhra pradesh are rich in natural resources. Chhattisgarh, orissa and maharashtra to andhra pradesh, karnataka and.
In the next few months, similar movements became common in pockets of bihar, jharkhand and west bengal, in parts of odisha, all the way till andhra pradesh and maharashtra. Latest and breaking news on naxal movement in maharashtra. Since its independence in 1947, india has fought dozens of campaigns against four distinct and independent insurgencies on its soilin punjab, kashmir, the northeast, and the maoist insurgents of central indiaas well as one foreign campaign in sri lanka. Search operations are still on as it is suspected that naxalites could launch attacks during the night on security forces. Maharashtra s gadchiroli and west bengals west midnapore have also been identified as naxal hit. The naxals are considered farleft radical communists, supportive of maoist political sentiment and ideology. The movement was initially lead by cpiml activists like charu mazumdar, kanhai chatterjee and kanu sanyal. The naxalite group mainly consists of the armed cadres of the communist party of india maoist. It is mostly active in the tribal areas spreading from andhra pradesh to bihar and maharashtra, and also covering parts of karnataka, jharkhand, madhya pradesh, orissa, chhattisgarh, and tamil nadu.